ABC Behaviour Chart

The ABC (Antecedent–Behaviour–Consequence) chart is a structured tool for recording episodes of distressed behaviour. It helps identify patterns, triggers, and the function of behaviour so that proactive support strategies can be developed.

How to Complete an ABC Chart

•Record as soon as possible after the event — memory fades quickly.
•Be specific and factual — describe what you saw and heard, not what you think the person was feeling.
•Include context — the time, setting, who was present, and what was happening before the behaviour.
•Record ALL episodes — the more data you have, the easier it is to spot patterns.
•Review regularly — look for patterns in triggers, times, and consequences. Share findings with the care team.

Resident Details

Resident Name

Date of Birth

Location / Unit

Date of Observation

Time of Observation

Completed By

A — Antecedent (What happened BEFORE the behaviour?)

Record what was happening immediately before the behaviour. Include the time, setting, who was present, what was said or done, and any environmental factors.

What was the person doing just before the behaviour?

Who else was present?

What was the environment like? (noise, lighting, temperature)

Was there a trigger or change in routine?

Had the person been given any medication recently?

Any known recent events affecting the person? (illness, change, visitor)

B — Behaviour (What EXACTLY did the person do?)

Describe the behaviour in specific, observable, and measurable terms. Avoid interpretation — record what you saw and heard, not what you think the person was feeling.

Describe the behaviour in detail (what exactly did the person do or say?)

How intense was the behaviour?

MildModerateSevere

How long did the behaviour last?

Was the person physically aggressive? (If yes, describe)

Was the person verbally aggressive? (If yes, describe)

Were there any other behaviours at the same time?

C — Consequence (What happened AFTER the behaviour?)

Record what happened immediately after the behaviour — how did staff respond, what was the outcome, and how did the person's state change?

How did staff respond immediately?

What was the person's immediate reaction to the staff response?

How was the behaviour resolved or did it continue?

Did the person calm down? If so, how long did it take?

Was any physical intervention used? (If yes, describe)

Were there any injuries to the person, staff, or others?

Review & Analysis

Complete this section after reviewing multiple ABC records. Look for patterns in triggers, timing, and outcomes. Consider what the behaviour might be communicating.

What patterns can be identified from this and previous ABC records?

What might the function of this behaviour be? (communication, escape, sensory, attention, tangible)

What proactive strategies could prevent this behaviour in future?

What changes to the care plan are recommended?

Review completed by (name and role)

Review date

Why ABC Charts Matter

ABC charts are recommended by NICE and form part of the Positive Behavioural Support framework. They help care teams move from reactive to proactive approaches by identifying the patterns and functions behind distressed behaviour. CQC inspectors look for evidence that care homes understand and respond to the causes of behaviour, rather than simply managing the symptoms.

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Important Notice

Care Handbook is a guidance resource only. This template is designed to support person-centred care and should be used in accordance with your organisation's policies. Always follow your employer's specific procedures for recording and storing personal information. All records must comply with GDPR and data protection requirements.